the far side of the moon

i've had a heck of a transition back to life in the US. The semester proceeds at full force leaving me little time to digest all the changes. i'm enjoying teaching, although i felt a little rusty during the first study session last week. students that take astronomy courses often get angry during the first week or two of classes because they think they will just be memorizing constellations or galaxy names! they dont seem to realize that the astronomy department shares a building with the physics and math departments for a reason! astronomy is physics applied to the universe! as the teaching assistant and not the intimidating professor, i get the wrath of the students who become frustrated at having to use any math what so ever.

i find that they quickly calm down though.... or they drop the class. the point of an introductory astronomy class is not to purposely confuse or frustrate students with a lot of equations and numerical solutions, contrary to what they may believe! it's about training oneself to think about why things are the way they are. look at the following pictures of the moon at different phases and think about what you see. one image was taken each night during one month long orbit as the moon circled around the earth.


on the right side of the moon you notice two dark spots. these two spots are in every image where you can see the right side of the moon. the left side of the moon reveals a pattern that shows up in each image! always the same! but the moon orbits around the earth once every month... so that must mean that the same side of the moon is always facing the earth! contrary to what pink floyd would have you believe, there's no "dark" side of the moon because every side faces the sun as the moon orbits around the earth each month, but there is a "far" side of the moon that we will never see from the surface of the earth as the moon continues along its natural orbit!

i enjoy thinking about these things and seeing the light in the eyes of the students when the *get it*! but its equally as frustrating when some students just *dont get it* even after many explanations. i just have to keep practicing i guess....

stupid scammers

its good and bad to be back in a country that speaks my native language... i can more easily tell when i'm being scammed!

planets in the sky

here's a bit more on the voyager spacecrafts and information on where to find the planets that are visible in our sky this month: jupiter, saturn, venus, uranus and neptune!

space reading

the 20th installment of the carnival of space is up at music of the spheres.

there are some neat articles... i ejoyed the contribution from the planetary society blog with some incredible new saturn photos from the spacecraft cassini.

my entry this week talks about some of the constellations up in the northern hemisphere and the stories behnd them from various cultures!

the dippers

from the northern hemisphere, you can easily spot the big dipper... and figure out which direction is north! as you can see from the map below, the big dipper is close to the horizon right now. the stars in the handle are bright and easy to find.


follow the handle to the dipper and find the stars "merak" and "duhbe" (pronounced "doobie"!). following these stars with your eyes from merak thru duhbe takes you in a nearly straight line to polaris... the "north star". while all stars rise in the east and set in the west... just like the sun... the north star stays stationary in our sky and all other stars rotate around it. thats why long exposure night time images when you use no tracking mechanism look like this...


that is an extreme example that was exposed for 11 hours!!!! but the effect of the long star trails is cool.

once you find polaris, you can try to identify the little dipper knowing that polaris is the last star in the handle of the little dipper. the stars are fainter so i always have a much harder time finding the little one, but it's a good challenge for a non-cloudy night and hopefully you can always determine which way is north!!

nap time

bubbles in space

i like the last experiment the best, but the bubble races are cool too!

happy 30th birthday voyagers!

in 1977 (before i was born!!), NASA scientists launched the voyager spacecrafts, which were intended for 5 year missions of solar system exploration! they each succeeded well beyond just taking pictures of jupiter and saturn! voyager 1 passed pioneer 10 on february 17, 1998 to become the most distant synthetic object in space!!! both voyagers continue to travel out in space, well beyond the confines of our solar system.


as of august 10, 2007, voyager 1 is 15.4 billion km (9,594,000,000 miles) away from earth! that's about 100 AU, or 100 times as far from us as we are from the sun. voyager 1 travels away from the solar system at a speed of 3.6 AU per year, which is 17 kilometers per second or 38,000 miles per hour!!!

one of my long-time heroes, carl sagan, was integrally involved with the planning of the voyager missions. he had the brilliant idea to turn the voyager 1 spacecraft around just before it left the confines of our solar system to take an image o the earth on february 14, 1990. earth encompassed one single pixel of that entire image. if you've never read sagan's reaction to this phenomenon, please read this!!


carl sagan also chaired the committee that determined what message should be sent out into space on the voyager spacecrafts to portray the uniqueness of life on earth. they included 115 images, nature sounds of earth, 90 minutes of music and spoken greetings from 55 different languages among other things. the message is carried by a 12-inch gold-plated copper disk phonograph "golden record"!!


for a bit of perspective... while it is exciting to think about the huge distance traveled by the voyager space crafts over the last 30 years... the nearest star to our sun is 4.2 light-years away. that is roughly 200,000 AU. at its current speed of 3.6 AU per year, it will take 56,000 years for voyager 1 to reach the next star!! let's hope that some other civilizations in the universe started sending machines out into space a long long time ago and hopefully sent them off at much much faster speeds!!

the universe is brought to you by master card

tonight i decided to watch some tv while i ate my dinner. i'm not a big fan of TV, but i found a great program on the history channel called the universe. when i turned on the program they were taking about the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation and the resulting nobel prize in physics given to penzias and wilson in 1978. i was hoping that they would go on to discuss the related 2006 nobel prize awarded to john mather and george smoot because mather is coming to austin to give a few lectures next month!! unfortunately, they didnt mention this, but they did show some fantastic graphics of the beginning and predicted end of the universe that i havent seen before due to my lack of cable television watching for so long! there are some great visualizations of the universe that i have long thought about but never actually *seen* before! how cool!

at the end of one segment leading into the commercials, a narrator spoke over some icon for the history channel and said:

the universe is brought to you by master card.....

holy crap... i laughed out loud so loudly and for so long that my roommate eventually asked what i was watching. when i told her "a show on the history channel called the universe," she looked at me sort of funny and moved on. hahaha!

ah, consumerism..... with interest! bienvenidos a los estados unidos!

i hope the rain keeps up

it has been raining non-stop in austin since i returned. so weird!! i enjoy a good rainstorm, but there hasnt been a lot of thunder and lightning yet and those are the best. instead, it's just a ton of water keeping the creeks nice and full, preventing me from riding my bike anywhere and making it nearly impossible to enjoy the night sky or play with the old telescope before i have my first public viewing night this friday.



while standing in the rain at the bus stop today, i started thinking about the great lightning storms in ohio and my family... most likely instigated by the fact that i bought a plane ticket today to go home and visit in october! yeah!


when i was a kid, my grandpa used to tell me all kinds of one-liners that equally confused and intrigued me.

i hope the rain keeps up!

i used to think about that one every time he said it! i thought he was weird at first... who wants to get wet when walking to their car? but he had a certain smirk on his face when he said it that made me think there was something else to his odd statement. at some age i figured it out, but would still have to remember his little trick every time he said it! sneaky grandpa.

if you run fast enough, you can make it between the raindrops!

i never believed this one as a kid, but i didnt know why. i tried many times to run between the raindrops... when no one was watching, of course... but it never quite worked. as an undergrad i got to thinking about that grandpa-line again and came up with my own little proof as to why he wasnt right. if i'm driving in my car during a steady yet mild rainstorm and i have the windshield wipers set to a certain frequency, when i slow down to stop at a red light, i inevitably have to slow the frequency of swipes... or be horribly annoyed by their screeching squeal! when i start driving again, i have to speed up the wipers because there is more rain on the windshield. during a few second interval, the same surface area of my windshield is sweeping out more volume and therefore more raindrops per second than when the car is stationary. so... my body actually gets hit by *more* raindrops when i try to run faster thru the rain and my grandpa is wrong! ha ha! i never told my grandpa about this theory of mine but i think he reads this blog so maybe he'll have something to say about it!


rain rain go away. come again some other day.

dark lunar eclipse

from all accounts that i've heard, the lunar eclipse late monday night was a "dark" one. the moon appeared especially dark red as it passed thru the earth's shadow.



here is what the moon saw as the earth passed in front of the sun.... a solar eclipse from the moon!

astronomical geometry

one of my earliest memories of the night sky is from a weekend camping trip i took with my elementary school. one night, we hiked out into a clearing in the woods and chomped down on a certain flavor of lifesavers that shot of sparks inside our mouths! then we listened as our counselor told us three different interpretations of the constellation, orion, that originated from different cultures. i found these stories fascinating and i think this experience may have sparked my interest in space!

one reason that so many star patterns have different interpretations from various human cultures all over the world, is that our eyes are extremely good at recognizing patterns... especially those that form simple geometric shapes. orion is one of the most easily recognizable constellations in the sky because of the straight line formed by the three stars that form his belt, or depending on your culture, these three stars form the magi, the saucepan, the shepherd of anu, shen, the long sash, etc.... there are probably many more interpretations out there that you all are familiar with and i am not!! orion appears just before dawn in the southeast right now. it will be visible for more of the night as winter approaches.


another simple geometric form and easily recognizable shape is a triangle. the moon is two days after full and still illuminating the sky, but the summer triangle is easily visible right now! almost at the zenith (directly overhead) for many is the bright star vega. this is the brightest star in the summer triangle constellation which consists of deneb to the northeast and altair to the southeast. since most of us cannot clearly see the milky way galaxy where we live, the summer triangle will be much easier to identify than this picture would lead you to believe... but i thought it was a cool shot and wanted to display it!!


next, our eyes recognize a huge square low in the east. the great square of pegasus... one of the largest constellations in the northern sky! from the sky map below, you can find the square, follow the left corner star to see the streamers flowing behind the kite (or however you want to interpret it)... and try to find andromeda! this massive neighboring galaxy should be easily visible with binoculars, but maybe not with your eye until the moon shine decreases next week.


happy hunting!

ever looked thru a telescope?

i just looked at my calendar to figure out what the date is for next friday, when i realized i was looking at the wrong *year*!! i managed to move the calendar from my old office, which was set at august 2006 when i left austin, all the way to my new office and onto the wall above my desk before realizing today that the year was wrong! oops. now i feel silly, and i dont have a 2007 calendar!

anyway, i was looking up the date for next friday because it's the first night that i will be operating the 9-inch telescope on the campus of the university of texas at austin! this fall, starting next friday, sept 7, i will be conducting public viewing nights on top of painter hall (map)... just next to UT's tower.



every friday and saturday night from 7 to 9 pm (weather permitting), i'll be opening the dome of the ~70 year old telescope to show folks mountains on the moon, jupiter and its moons, the andromeda galaxy, nebulae, star clusters, and anything else that seems interesting in the fall sky!

i'm very excited about this opportunity because i feel a sense of awe every single time i look at a planet through a telescope and i like talking to people about astronomy. i can't wait to show my friends and strangers the wonders of the universe thru the eye of a telescope that uses absolutely no electricity when it tracks objects across the sky!

this event is absolutely FREE for anyone of any age! you can call 512-232-4265 as the sun sets to see if the weather is good enough for viewing. if there is rain or snow, super strong winds or more than half the sky is covered with clouds, the night's viewing will be cancelled. also, if there is a UT football game on saturday that starts after 6pm, the viewing will be cancelled.

otherwise.... come up, say hi and see the night sky!

when sleep is necessary

i've moved all my stuff into my new place. i dont have as much as i thought i did, but i still need to get rid of a lot! anyone in austin interested in a small tv and/or dvd player? as i slowly open boxes and discover stuff i havent thought about in over a year, i also discover some specific objects that i didnt even realize i dont currently own.... like last night when i finally collapsed in my bed, i realized that i dont own a pillow! hahaha! i balled up my fleece jacket, like i do when i'm camping, and it turned out to be a perfectly comfortable temporary solution. the only problem is that it was so comfortable, i didnt hear my alarm trying to wake me up to see the eclipse. big dud. i missed it! my body and my mind are extremely worn out right now so i guess i just needed the sleep.

anyone else see it? how did it compare to previous ones? any pictures??

lunar eclipse tonight!

tonight we will be treated to a total lunar eclipse!!!! this occurs when the sun is on one side of the earth and the moon is directly on the other side. the moon is full during a lunar eclipse since the sun illuminates it entirely from our view on earth. the three bodies line up in a perfect line, so that the shadow of the earth, created by the sun, passes right over the full moon.

the picture below (that came from stardate) shows the path of the moon thru the shadow of the earth. the darkest part of the shadow, the umbra, is shown as the dark red circle. the penumbra shows a ring of partial shadow. when the moon passes thru this area, it shows a faint orange color.



the challenge with this lunar eclipse is that it starts at 3 am!!! by 5am, the moon will be fully immersed in the umbra region and this portion of the total eclipse will last until about 6:30am. so you can either stay up super late or wake up early to see this astronomical phenomenon. enjoy!!

there's more info at NASA's eclipse page and an animation i found from a 2003 eclipse....

home sweet home

home.... provides instantaneous familiarity no matter how long you've been gone. it was exciting to experience a whole new night sky when i moved to the southern hemisphere, but i feel like i've jumped back to my home planet when i stand outside on these warm austin nights under the northern constellations. i miss the exotic southern cross hanging overhead, but the presence of the big dipper comforts me like the neighbor from down the street who has always seemed like an old man even when i was very young! the summer triangle created by vega, deneb and altair, shines brightly overhead. cassiopeia... the hardest constellation to spell... but an easy "W" to find in the sky!

there's a lot of talk this week about google earth's new feature, google sky. it seems cool enough, but i still prefer to go browse thru the astronomy picture of the day archive or go directly to the hubble heritage project site. and better yet... just print out a star chart from sky maps and explore the sky with my own two eyes!

review of the universe

i hadnt seen this before but i like it a lot.... a review of the universe - structures, evolutions, observations, and theories. it talks about many many fundamental objects in the universe from small to big to really huge to teeny tiny.

enjoy!

what's the difference...

between the words "beneath" and "underneath"??

3 days in austin

safe and sound back in austin. that was a lot of traveling and a lot of fun! i'm between laptops right now so i wont have any pictures to share for another week or so, but thats alright as i need to get back in the swing of working!

i'm furiously looking for a place to live in austin so hopefully i can move before i start teaching next week. i'm borrowing my friend's scooter for a few days so i can search the neighborhoods where i want to live and check places out. wow, i missed driving a scooter! they're so much fun!! i dont think i have enough money saved up to buy a car right now, but i may invest in a scooter!


my first day back in austin was fantastic... went to one of my favorite spots on the greenbelt that runs right through the center of town. you enter a trail in one of several neighborhoods and then walk for 10 minutes or so to an isolated area with big rocks to jump off of into the clear green warm water. amazing! i forgot how nice it is just to sit in warm water. and i forgot the feel of slimy moss on my fingers. this is definitely one of my favorite places in the world! i took these pictures several years ago when i first arrived in austin.


on day 2, i went to campus and back to work to sift thru my gigantic pile of snail mail and to say hola to old familiar faces. its amazing how i havent thought about the little things, like going up the elevator in RLM to the 16th floor. i stood in the elevator realizing that it hadnt changed a single bit and it felt just as familiar as ever eventhough it hadnt passed through my mind in almost a year.

after work i drove thru the sunny neighborhoods looking for "for rent" signs. i eventually got bored and headed off to a friends house.... just at the moment that the sky darkened and a wall of rain fell on my exposed body! i quickly turned off the road and drove the scooter under a tree. too late... i was already pretty wet. the feel of rain was nice though.... it rained twice that i saw the whole time i was in chile!! after a few minutes, the rain slowed so i got back out on the street again. within three blocks, a strong and painful burst of heavy raindrops fell, so i pulled off the road again and under some trees. i sat there for about 15 minutes, waiting and watching as the raindrops from the tree fell and soaked me completely! i enjoyed watching the wind patterns via the gushes of rain that fell over the parking lot. eventually, i made it back on the road and to my friend's house! dry drivers inside their cars were as friendly as possible to my soaking wet frame as i cautiously turned on my turn signal to switch lanes!!

DAY 2 UPDATE: i forgot to mention that the moon was bright and near jupiter this night. a beautiful sight.

today is day 3. i'm back on the scooter again and it will probably rain at some point, but oh well... i'll get a little wet again in the warm rain!

DAY 3 UPATE: i think i found a cool place to live. details later!

as i drove the scooter home excited that i found a potential place, i looked east and saw dark rain clouds with visible streams of rain falling to the ground. i thought... mierda... vamos!!! i still had to drive thru downtown to get to casa de garret. i made it all the way to south congress and mary before the looming clouds dropped their first drops. i was going strong towards home but then caught the light at oltorf! as i sat there, a heavy wall of rain fell on me. i noticed the dry patches of road beneath the cars around me. i shrugged at the driver next to me as water drops fell from my helmet. three blocks later i rushed the corner and pulled into the garage... soaking wet... again... just as the next burst of storm fell to the ground.

damn beautiful refreshing wet rainy season!